小升初英语重要语法知识点总结

2024-05-05 06:16

1. 小升初英语重要语法知识点总结

  小学《新标准英语》教材中涉及的`重要语法知识主要有8种:to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can/could/should引导的句型、一般将来时will/be going to句型、祈使句等,其中多种语法现象广泛出现在各册教材中,现以五、六年级教材为例将重点句型归类介绍如下:
 
   l to be句型:主要用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、家庭成员、朋友、职业;描述事物特征;表达方位、长度、年代、颜色、季节、时间、某人的物品及感觉等,该句式广泛分布于各册教材中,其中第1、2册更是以此句型为主,9-12册中这类“四会”句型有:
 
   1. This one is heavy.
 
   2. It’s an autumn festival. It’s really fun.
 
   3. It isn’t hers. It isn’t his.
 
   4. Whose T-shirt is it? It’s mine.
 
   5. Are you sad? No, I’m not.
 
   6. What’s the matter? Nothing.
 
   7. I’m sorry.
 
   8. This black bag is nice. It’s big.
 
   9. It’s very heavy. Look at this green one. It’s light.
 
   10. How long is the Great Wall?
 
   11. It’s ten thousand li long.
 
   12. How old is the Great Wall?
 
   13. It’s more than two thousand years old.
 
   14. Thanksgiving is my favourite.
 
   15. Families are together.
 
   16. They’re deaf.
 
   17. This water is very clean.
 
   18. It’s fun to drink this way.
 
   19. How much is it? It’s thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents.
 
   20. What’s the matter?
 
   21. I’m really excited.
 
   l there be句型:包括现在与过去两种,即:there is/are, there was/were。用于
 
   表达某处有某物的客观存在关系。该句型主要分布在Book5,Book9, Book11和Book12中,教材中以陈述句与how many引导的特殊疑问句问答为主。五、六年级教材中该类重点句有:
 
   1. There weren’t any swings here before.
 
   2. There was only a slide.
 
   3. There wasn’t a pond here before.
 
   4. There is one now.
 
   5. There are many sweets.
 
   6. There are many fruits, too.
 
   7. There is a Chinatown in New York.
 
   8. There was a big lake and there were lots of ducks.

小升初英语重要语法知识点总结

2. 小升初英语必背知识点总结

      2018小升初英语基础知识点         形容词副词
         形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
         形容词和副词常用两种形式:原形和+er。
         未作比较的'情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
         两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
         数量词
         我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而序数词用于表示次数,常在日期中出现。
         冠词
         冠词有a、an、the。
         a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
         2018小升初英语重点知识点         时间介词
         季节前,月份前用介词in
         如:in summer;in March
         具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on
         如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
         在几点钟前用介词at
         如: at a quarter to four;
         只在上下午晚上用in
         如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
         但在夜间用at night。
         另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
         名词复数构成的方法
         有规则的有:
         (1)直接在名词后加s
         如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
         (2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es
         如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
         (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
         如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
         (4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
         不规则的有:
         man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
         2018小升初英语必背知识点         1. far away (from) (离)遥远
         2. far from远离
         3. feel like doing 想要……;感觉要……
         4. fill in "填充, 填写"
         5. fill … with … 用……填充
         6. find out 找出;查明;了解
         7. finish off 吃完; 喝完
         8. first of all 首先
         9. for ever 永远
         10. for example 例如
         11. for the first time 第一次
         12. for the time being "暂时,眼下"
         13. from … to… 从……到……
         14. from door to door 挨家挨户
         15. from now on 从此以后; 今后
         16. from time to time 不时;有时
         17. get along / on (with) 进展;与…….相处
         18. go away 逃离
         19. get back 返回
         20. get in 进入;收集
         21. get in the way 挡道
         22. get off 下车
         23. get on 上车
         24. get on with与…….相处
         25. get ready for 为……作准备
         26. get rid of 摆脱
         27. get tired of 对……感到厌倦
         28. get to 到达
         29. get together 相聚; 联欢
         30. get up 起床
   

3. 小升初英语必背10个知识点

 小升初英语必背10个知识点
                         在小升初英语的学习中,有十个知识点是我们必须掌握的,下面我就来为大家介绍一下是哪些知识点吧!
    
          一、There be句型 
         (1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
         There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
         On the desk there is a book.
         (2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用 are。如:1.There is a tree behind the house
         2.There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
         (3)Thereare some pears in the box.
         注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是 由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
          二、动词be(is,am,are)的用法 
         我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
          三、this,that和it用法 
         (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
         (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的.人或物用that。如: This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
         (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
         (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。
         (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
         (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如:-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
         (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。
         如:1.Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?-Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
         2.What’s that? 那是什么?-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
          四、these和those用法 
         this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
         1.This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
         2.These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
         3.Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
         在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。
          五、名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”: 
         Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
         以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
         不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
         表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)
         表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’sLucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
          六、时间的表达法 
         (1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字
         7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
         (2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
         3:43seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
         (3)12小时制
         6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分
         (4)24小时制
         13:00
         13点钟 22:15 22点15分
         (5)15分可用quarter
         4:15
         a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
         (6)时间前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
          七、want用法 
         (1)想干什么用want to do sth
         They
         want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。
         (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化①He wants to play basketball.
         ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
         (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.
         ①-Do
         you want to play soccer ball ?
         -Yes, I do . / No , I don’t.
         ②-Does he want to go home by bus ?
         -Yes, he does . / No , he doesn’t
          八、like一词的用法like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。 
         (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
         (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。
         (3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
          九、句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素 
         (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。
         如:She is a girl. →They are girls.
         (2)am,is要变为are。如:I’m a student. →We are students.
         (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. →They are boys.
         (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. →They are apples.
         (5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This is a box. →These are boxes.
          十、英语日期的表示法 
         英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
         用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
    ;

小升初英语必背10个知识点

4. 小升初英语10个必考知识点归纳

 小升初英语10个必考知识点归纳
                       1.动词be(is,am,are)的用法 
    
    我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
     2.this,that和it用法 
    (1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
    (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处)Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处)
    (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
    (4)向别人介绍某人时说Thisis…,不说Thatis…。如:ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。
    (5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis可以缩写。如:Thisisabike.That’sacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
    (6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:-Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂,是格林小姐吗?-Yes,thisis.Who’sthat?是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:Iam…,Areyou…?/Whoareyou?
    (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:①-Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗?-Yes,itis.是的,它是。②-What’sthat?那是什么?-It’sakite.是只风筝。
     3.these和those用法 
    this,that,these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
    ①Thisismybed.ThatisLily’sbed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
    ②Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。
    ③Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗?
    在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:④Arethese/thoseyourapples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes,theyare.是的,他们是。
     4.名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加“’s”: 
    Jim’scoat吉姆的外套Jeff’smother杰夫的妈妈
    以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”Teachers’Day教师节thetwins’books双胞胎的书
    不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“’s”Children’sDay儿童节men’sshoes男式鞋
    表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’sLucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)
    表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’sLucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
     5.Therebe句型 
    (1)Therebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“Therebe+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记therebe句型结构:
    Therebe放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:Thereisabookonthedesk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
    Onthedeskthereisabook.
    (2)Therebe句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“Therebe”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.②Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).
    ③Therearesomepearsinthebox.
    (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的.两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.
     6.like一词的用法like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。 
    (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。
    (2)后接动名词(v.-ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tomlikesplayingfootball.汤姆喜欢踢足球。
    (3)后接动词不定式(todo),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
     7.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素 
    (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we,you→you,she,he,it→they。
    如:Sheisagirl.→Theyaregirls.
    (2)am,is要变为are。如:I’mastudent.→Wearestudents.
    (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:Heisaboy.→Theyareboys.
    (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:Itisanapple.→Theyareapples.
    (5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:Thisisabox.→Theseareboxes.
     8.英语日期的表示法 
    英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。
    用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
     9.时间的表达法 
    (1)直读式,即直接读出时间数字
    7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen
    (2)过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25twenty-fivepastone2:30halfpasttwo
    3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive
    (3)12小时制
    6:00a.m.上午6点8:20p.m.下午8点20分
    (4)24小时制
    13:00
    13点钟22:1522点15分
    (5)15分可用quarter
    4:15
    aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix
    (6)时间前通常用at.at5o’clockat7:30p.m.
     10.want用法 
    (1)想干什么用wanttodosth
    They
    wanttojointhesportsclub.他们想加入运动俱乐部。
    (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化①Hewantstoplaybasketball.
    ②LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.
    (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.
    ①-Do
    youwanttoplaysoccerball?
    -Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
    ②-Doeshewanttogohomebybus?
    -Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t
    ;

5. 小升初英语必背知识点

  1、feel sb. d sth. 感觉某人做了某事
 
   2、have sb. d sth. 使某人做某事
 
   3、hear sb. d sth. 听见某人做某事
 
   4、let sb. d sth.让某人做某事
 
   5、listen t sb. d sth. 听着某人做某事
 
   6、l at sb. d sth. 看着某人做了某事
 
   7、ae sb. d sth. 使某人做某事
 
   8、ntice sb. d sth. 注意某人做了某事
 
   9、bserve sb. d sth. 观察某人做了某事
 
   10、see sb. d sth. 看见某人做了某事
 
   11、watch sb. d sth. 观察某人做了某事
 
   12、get sb. ding sth. 使某人做某事
 
   13、have sb. ding sth. 使某人做某事
 
   14、hear sb. ding sth. 听见某人正在做某事
 
   15、eep sb. ding sth. 使某人不停地做某事
 
   16、listen t sb. ding sth. 听某人正在做某事
 
   17、l at sb. ding sth. 看着某人做某事
 
   18、ntice sb. ding sth. 注意到某人做某事
 
   19、bserve sb. ding sth. 观察某人做某事
 
   20、prevent sb. ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
 
   21、see sb. ding sth. 看见某人做某事
 
   22、send sb. ding sth. 使某人(突然)做某事
 
   23、set sb. ding sth. 使(引起)某人做某事
 
   24、start sb. ding sth. 使某人开始做某事
 
   25、stp sb. ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
 
   26、watch sb. ding sth. 观察某人正在做某事

小升初英语必背知识点

6. 小升初英语知识:语法知识

      英语对于多数孩子都不算难题,听说都非常厉害!但目前小升初英语的考试不会考查咱孩子听与说的能力,更注重语法知识的考查,所以相对而言语法弱的孩子,迎战小升初会比较拉分。下面是我汇总的小升初语法的知识!
          小升初英语知识:语法知识 
          一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 
         (一)名词单复数
         1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
         2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
         3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
         4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
         5.不规则名词复数:
         man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
         child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
         不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
         (二)名词的格
         (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
         a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
         b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
         c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
         ? 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
         Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
         ? 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
         Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
         (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
         a picture of the classroom a map of China
          二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类: 
         (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
         元音开头的可数名词前用an :
         an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
         an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
         exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
         (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
         2. 用法:
         定冠词的用法:
         (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
         (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
         (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
         (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
         (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
         不用冠词的情况:
         (1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
         (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
         This is my baseball.
         (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
         (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
         (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
         (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
         * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
         (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
         (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
         (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
          三、代词:人称代词,物主代词 
         人称代词 物主代词
         主格 宾格
         第一
         人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的)
         复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)
         第二
         人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的)
         复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)
         第三
         人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的)
         she(她) her her(她的)
         it(它) it its(它的)
         复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
          四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级 
         (一)、形容词的比较级
         1、形容词比较级在  句子  中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a
         little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
         2.形容词加er的规则:
         ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
         ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
         ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
         ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
         3.不规则形容词比较级:
         good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
         (二)副词的比较级
         1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
         ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
         ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
         2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
          五 数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词 
         (1)1-20
         one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
         sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
         (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
         23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→
         eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
         (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
         586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
         (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“
         ,”前为billion
         1,001→one thousand and one
         18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
         6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
         750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
         二、序数词
         (1)一般在基数词后加th
         eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
         (2)不规则变化
         one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
         (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
         twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
         (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
         twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
         基数词转为序数词的口诀:
         基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
         一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
         八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
         ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
         若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
         六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
         1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
         at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
         2.on
         1)表示具体日期。
         注:(1)关于“在周末”的几种表示法:
         at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
         at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
         over the weekend在整个周末
         during the weekend在周末期间
         (2)在  圣诞节  ,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
         2)在(刚……)的时候。
         On reaching the city he called up his parents.
         一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
         3.in
         1)表示“时段”、“时期”,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,
         the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
         七、动词:动词的四种时态:
         (1)一般现在时:
         一般现在时的构成
         1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+  其它  。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
         2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们  学习英语  。
         当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
         动词+s的变化规则
         1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
         2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
         3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
         (2)一般过去时:
         动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
         A、规则动词
         ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
         ②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used
         ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –
         worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
         ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
         B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
         see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
         ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
         are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
         – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
         (3)一般将来时:
         基本结构: ①be going to + do;
         ②will+ do. be going to = will
         I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
         (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
         动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
         ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
         ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
         ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
         第三部分:句法
         1.陈述句
         (1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
         There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
         (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
         He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
         He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
         2. 疑问句
         一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
         特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该
         问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
         3.There be句型
         There be 句型与have, has的区别
         1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om
         2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动
         词的那个名词决定。
         3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
         4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
         5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
         6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
         7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
         How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词  短语  ?
         How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
         8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
         What’s + 介词短语?

7. 小升初英语必背的重点短语

 小升初英语必背的重点短语
                      1. a bit (of) 有一点儿
    
    2. a few 一些; 少量;几个
    a little一些; 少量
    3.a group of 一群
    4. a kind of 一种; 一类
    5. a lot of (lots of)=a number of 许多 a number of 一些;许多
    6. a pair of 一双; 一副
    7. a piece of "一(块,张,片,件)"
    8. according to 按照;根据
    9. after class 课后 after all "终究, 毕竟"
    10. after school 放学后
    11. agree with sb/ to+V. 同意某人的意见/某事
    12. again and again 反复地;在三地
    13. all over 到处;遍及;结束
    14. all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了
    15. all the best 一切顺利; all the same 还是, 仍然
    16. all the time 一直
    17. all the way 一路上
    18. and so on 等等
    19. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
    20. arrive at / in a place 到达某地
    21. as well 也;又
    22. ask for 请求; 寻求
    23.at breakfast /lunch /supper 早/午/晚餐时
    24. at first / last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后;终于
    25. at home 在家(里)
    26. at least / most 至少/ 至多
    27. at once 立刻;马上28. at present "现在, 目前"
    29. at school 在学校;在上课
    30. at the moment "此刻,目前; 那时,当时
    ;

小升初英语必背的重点短语

8. 小升初语法知识点梳理

 小升初必备语法知识点梳理
                      小升初必备语法:every,no,all,both,neither,nor
    
     1)不定代词有 
    all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
     2) 不定代词的功能与用法 
    a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
    I have no idea about it.
    b. all 都,指三者以上。
    all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
    All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
    all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。
    但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。
    all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way
     3) both 都,指两者。 
    a. both 与复数动词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
    b. both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
    Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
     4) neither 两者都不 
    a. neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
    b. 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither… nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
    c. 可用于下列句型,避免重复。
    She can't sing,neither (can) he.
    neither 与nor
    d. 如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor。
    If you don't do it,neither should I. 如果你不干,我也不干。
    e. 如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。
    He can't sing,nor dance,nor skate.
    英语语法经典例题800例:非谓语动词(例题1)
     【导语】 英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。
    1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
    A. enter B. to enter
    C. entering D. entered
     【陷阱】 容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。
     【分析】 其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:
    (1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
    (2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
    (3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
    值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:
    (4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
    A. to hope B. hope
    C. hoping D. hoped
    此题的答案是 C不是A,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
    (5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
    A. practise B. to practise
    C. practising D. practised
    此题答案选 C,这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
    (6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
    A. improve B. to improve
    C. improving D. to improving
    此题答案选D,注意两点:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
    2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
    A. doing B. to do
    C. being doing D. to be done
     【陷阱】 容易误选B,根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。
     【分析】 其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:
    can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事
    can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
    又如下面一题,答案也是 B:
    She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
    A cleaning B. to clean
    C. cleaned D. being cleaned
    再请看以下试题:
    While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
    A. to persuade B. persuading
    C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
    此题应选C,句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。
    3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
    A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
    C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选。
     【分析】 此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:
    (1) devote 意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to,其中的to 是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。
    (2) 选A错误:若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。
    (3) 选B正确:all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。
    (4) 选C错误:因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。
    (5) 选D错误:若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。
    英语语法经典例题800例:虚拟语气(例题)
     【导语】 英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。
    1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
    A. will show B. would show
    C. am going to show D. am showing
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选。
     【分析】 正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。
    2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
    A. He’d better give up drinking
    B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
    C. Health is more important than drink
    D. I wonder why he is always doing so
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
     【分析】 最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气,句子既然用了虚拟语气,也就是说,“他喝醉了”不是事实,只是他的言行好像是醉了,所以此题的最佳答案是D。
    3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
    A. do B. are
    C. will D. would
     【陷阱】 容易误选A或C。选A者,认为前后两句的动词性质应一致;选C者,认为其后带有if 条件状语从句,从语气上看,主句应用将来时态。
     【分析】 此题最佳答案为D。分析如下:
    (1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构,它表示“……也一样”时。如:
    He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视,我也一样。
    When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候,人类也会随之消失。
    (2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息),所以主句要用 would 而不用 will,即答案应选D。
    英语语法经典例题800例:强调句(例题)
     【导语】 英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。
    1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
    A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
    C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
     【陷阱】 此题容易误选D,认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。
     【分析】 但实际上,此题的答案为B,强调的是句子主语 our being late,此题若还原成非强调句,即为:
    Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
    注意,强调句的一个显著特点是,若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…,句子仍然成立;换句话说,该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
    2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
    A. it that B. he that
    C. it when D. he which
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均可能误选。
     【分析】 答案选A,为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为:
    It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
    比较以下各题,它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式:
    (1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
    A. since B. as C. that D. he
    答案选C,被强调成分为 who,该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom 提问而得)。
    (2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
    A. what B. which C. that D. if
    答案选C,被强调成分为 what,该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike 提问而得)。
    3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
    A. It, careful B. It, carefully
    C. He, careful D. He, carefully
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选,但最有可能误选的可能是A,认为这是一个普通的系表结构,即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。
     【分析】 其实,此题是一个强调句,其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干,所以答案应选B。请看下面几例,也属强调结构:
    (1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
    A. since B. as C. that D. then
    答案选C,被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。
    (2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
    A. before B. who C. that D. when
    答案选C,被强调成分为 at Christmas,其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的`形式。
    4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students
    often have a meeting.”
    A. where B. which
    C. that D. when
    【陷阱】很可能误选C,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语 in the hall。
    【分析】假若选C,即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting,该句的意思是“学生们通常是在
    大厅开会”,单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在
    哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor,则完全可以。
    其实,此题的最佳答案是A,where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句,用以修饰其前的名词 the hall,句意
    为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”,这样语意就通顺了。
    5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
    A. which B. as
    C. what D. that
    【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
    【分析】此题为一个强调句型,空格处应填 that (即选D),被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
    为“让我生气的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例:
    (1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
    A. which B. since C. that D. what
    答案选C,为强调句型,被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview,句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张,使他失去
    了这份工作”。
    (2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
    A. one B. that C. what D. it
    答案选B,为强调句型,被强调成分为 the ability to do the job,句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力,而不是你来自何地
    或你是从事什么工作的”。
    英语语法大全经典例题800例:名词性从句(例题)
     【导语】 英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。
     ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 
    1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
    A. that B. what
    C. that that D. what what
     【陷阱】 可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D,认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中,选项A肯定不行,因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分,所以便选择了B。
     【分析】 正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语,第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语,即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中,none of us understood 为主句,what what he said meant 为宾语从句,而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
    2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
    A. which B. how
    C. what D. having
     【陷阱】 可能误选A。
     【分析】 最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选A,是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which,但实际上,若填关系代词,其前没有先行词,这根据不是一个定语从句。另外,由于 had happened 缺主语,所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B):
    He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
    A. that B. what
    C. which D. as
    3.“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
    A. this B. that
    C. all that D. that all
     【陷阱】 根据中文字面意思误选A或B。
     【分析】 最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B,那么转换成陈述句即为:This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 为句子主语,all 为表语,you want to say 为定语从句,用以修饰all。
    4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
    A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
    C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
     【陷阱】 可能误选D,认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。
     【分析】 最佳答案选 B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句,故用疑问词序;第二个 when 引出的是主语从句,故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C):
    (1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
    A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
    C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
    (2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
    A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
    C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
    5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
    A. who is he B. who he is
    C. who is it D. who it is
     【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选。
     【分析】 此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C,因为空格处实为一个宾语从句,所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面,但按英语习惯,当用于指代身份不明的人时,要用代词it,而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句:
    Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口,他想见你。
    Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口,可能是邮递员。
    第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith,所以后面用代词 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone,说明此人身份尚不明确,故其后用了代词 it 来指代。
    6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
    A. who B. which
    C. that D. what
     【陷阱】 此题容易误选 A或B:选 A 的同学认为这是指人的,故用who;选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。
     【分析】 其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句,用作动词 know 的宾语,它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C):
    (1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
    A. who B. which
    C. that D. what
    (2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
    A. who B. which
    C. that D. what
    (3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
    A. that B. which
    C. as D. because
    前面两题 that 引导宾语从句,后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。
    英语语法大全:特殊同位语归纳
    英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,本章主要介绍英语语法中的句子成分,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。
    特殊同位语归纳
    当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时,我们称它们为同位语。基本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错,但有几种同位语,或由于本身结构特殊,或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊,往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下,希望引起同学们的注意。
    1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
    Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?
    They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
    She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。
    He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
    We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
    2. 不定式用作同位语
    Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)
    He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走,我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
    3. -ing分词用作同位语
    He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)
    She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)
    The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)
    4. 形容词用作同位语
    The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会,是有史以来规模最大的,正在广州举行。
    He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书,古今中外都有。
    People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。
    【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近,可转换成定语从句。如:
    The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
    =The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
    5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
    We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
    We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。
    They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
    They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。
    【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”,如:
    学生每人都有一本词典。
    正:The students each have a dictionary.
    误:The students each has a dictionary.
    请比较下面一句(谓语用了单数,因为each为句子主语):
    正:Each of the students has a dictionary.
    6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)
    They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
    I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。
    The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
    The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。
    ;